Study Guide Animal Parasitology –Chapter 7-17
Warning: These questions are only a guide, they are
not meant to take the place of reading the text and studying the class
notes. You are responsible for the material
covered in class even though I may have forgotten to cover it in this study
guide.
Chapter 7
Amoebae
Entamoeba spp.
What are the
distinguishing morphological characters of this genus?
Entamoeba
histolytica
Entamoeba
histolytica causes what disease?
How
is Entamoeba histolytica distinguished morphologically from the other
amoebas?
What life cycle stage of Entamoeba histolytica is
infective to man?
What stages of Entamoeba histolytica are found in
man?
Where in the world is Entamoeba histolytica found?
What is the source of infection of Entamoeba histolytica?
What
part of the body (organ, tissue, system) is affected by Entamoeba
histolytica?
How does Entamoeba histolytica damage the host
tissue?
What is the major nutrient source for Entamoeba
histolytica?
What group or kind of people are most affected by Entamoeba
histolytica?
How is Entamoeba histolytica transmitted?
How is Entamoeba histolytica diagnosed?
What clinical signs are typical of the disease caused by Entamoeba
histolytica?
How can Entamoeba histolytica be controlled?
What ecological factors affect infection of man by Entamoeba
histolytica?
What simple measures can be taken to prevent infection by Entamoeba
histolytica?
What is the treatment (chemotherapy) for Entamoeba
histolytica?
What is invasive amebiasis?
Secondary amebiasis? Chronic
amebiasis? Hepatic amebiasis? Acute intestinal amebiasis?
Other amoebas
Entamoeba hartmanni is distinguished from Entamoeba histolytica by
what morphologic characters?
Is Entamoeba hartmanni considered pathogenic?
Where in the host is Entamoeba hartmanni found?
Entamoeba gingivalis is distinguished from Entamoeba
histolytica by what morphologic characters?
Is Entamoeba gingivalis considered pathogenic?
Where in the host is Entamoeba gingivalis found?
Iodamoeba buetschlii is distinguished from Entamoeba
histolytica by what morphologic characters?
Is Iodamoeba buetschlii considered pathogenic?
Where in the host is Iodamoeba buetschlii found?
Endolimax nana is distinguished from Entamoeba
histolytica by what morphologic characters?
Is Endolimax nana considered pathogenic?
Where in the host is Endolimax nana found?
Chapter 8
How many nuclei do Apicomplexa have?
Are all species of
Apicomplexa parasites?
Why are they called
Apicomplexa?
What cellular structures
are typical of the Apicomplexa? (Not
found in any other organisms?)
Identify these structures
in a drawing of the generalized Apicomplexan.
What are the three phases
of the life cycle of an Apicomplexan?
Define each phase.
Class Coccidea
Order Eimerida
Family Eimeridae
Eimeria
tenella
Eimeria tenella is a parasite of what
vertebrate? Does it have an
intermediate host?
What organ or structure in the
body of the vertebrate in infected by Eimeria?
What life cycle stage of Eimeria
is infective to the vertebrate host?
What phase or phases in the
life cycle of Eimeria occur in the cells of the vertebrate host?
What phase or phases in the
life cycle of Eimeria occur outside of the vertebrate host?
What life cycle stage of Eimeria
passes out of the vertebrate host?
What are the signs of
disease in the vertebrate host for Eimeria?
Family Sarcocystidae
Toxoplasma
gondii
The definitive host for Toxoplasma
gondii is ________________?
What tissue is infected in
the definitive host for Toxoplasma gondii?
What are intermediate hosts
for Toxoplasma gondii?
What tissues are infected
in the intermediate host for Toxoplasma gondii?
How do humans become infected
with Toxoplasma gondii?
How do intermediate hosts
become infected with Toxoplasma gondii?
What are the symptoms of
toxoplasmosis in adult humans?
What group of humans is
most pathologically affected by Toxoplasma gondii?
How do humans avoid being affected
by Toxoplasma gondii?
Sarcosystis
What are two hosts for Sarcocystis? How are they usually related?
Which is the usual
definitive host for Sarcocystis?
What tissue is infected in
the definitive host for Sarcocystis?
Family Cryptosporidiidae
What symptoms does it cause?
Where is this parasite found in the body of the host?
What is the size of this parasite?
Unknown
taxonomic position
Pneumocystis
carinii
causes what disease?
What group of people presents active cases of this disease?
How prevalent is this parasite in the normal population?
Order Haemosporina
The organism that causes
malaria is found in what Phylum? What
order?
How many cases of malaria
are there per year? How many people
die?
Who discovered the vector
of malaria and where was he when he discovered it?
How many species of Plasmodium
are there? How many of these
affect man?
How many hosts are there in
the life cycle of human malaria?
What is the stage of
malaria injected into man by the vector and what happens to them after
injection?
What is the name of the
part of the Malaria life cycle that takes place in the liver?
What is the name of the
part of the Malaria life cycle that takes place in the blood?
What are the names of the
parts of the Malaria life cycle that take place in the mosquito?
In blood, what stages or
morphological types of malarial parasites are seen?
What life cycle stage of
malaria is infective to the vector?
What life cycle stage of
malaria is infective to man?
What is the name of the process
that produces the stages that travel to the salivary glands of the vector of
malaria?
What is the vector of
malaria?
What species of malaria is
the most frequent cause of disease and in what geographical area is it found?
What species of malaria are
found in the Americas?
What granules appear in the
malaria infected blood cell and are dark brown or black in color?
Dark granules in the
malaria-infected blood cell are the result of what process?
What causes the fever
paroxysms (episodes) in malaria patients?
In malaria, what
reproductive process takes place in the red blood cells? (Do not answer
"sexual" or "asexual")
In malaria, what
reproductive process takes place in the cyst in the gut of the insect?
One species of Plasmodium
has distinctive gametocytes, what is the species? Draw a picture of
these gametocytes.
The maturation of the male
gamete in the stomach of the mosquito is called _____________________.
What three species of Plasmodium
make up 93% of all malaria cases?
What species of Plasmodium
causes the least number of cases?
What percent of red blood
cells are infected in Plasmodium falciparum?
What stages of malaria are
seen in the RBC's of Plasmodium vivax malaria?
What stages of malaria are
seen in the RBC's of Plasmodium falciparum malaria?
Which species of malaria in
man causes the most severe disease?
What complication of
falciparum malaria occurs in 10% of the cases and is nearly always fatal?
What was the first
anti-malarial drug used?
What species of malaria
produce relapse and why?
What is recrudescence and
how does it differ from relapse?
What species of malaria
produces recrudescence?
What factors contribute to
the level of natural transmission of malaria in a given area?
Name two modern treatments
for malaria.
Name three ways to control
malaria.
What is the major
symptom of malaria?
Chapter 10
Phylum
Ciliophora
What is the single feature
that distinguishes the Phylum Ciliophora?
What ciliate infects man
and where in the body is it found?
Name two ciliates that
parasitize fish. How do they harm the
fish?
Chapter 11
General
What is the common morphological feature of the
microspora and myxozoa?
What is the life cycle stage that contains this feature?
Phylum
Microspora
These parasites are mostly pathogenic to what large
group of organisms?
Name two microsporan parasites of economic importance.
Microsporan parasites might be of what positive use?
What is a microsporan parasite of humans?
Phylum
Cnidaria
Class Myxozoa
Why is this class included in the Cnidaria?
These organisms are mostly parasites of what vertebrate
group?
What species is the most notorious and what is the common
name of the disease it causes?
What is the body shape and
symmetry of members of the Phylum Platyhelminthes?
Most of the body of the
flatworm is made up of a loosely arranged mass of fibers and various cell types
and is called ___________?
Organ systems in
Platyhelminthes include what systems; DO NOT include what systems?
The excretory system of
flatworms consists of __________________ cells.
Chapter 15
Class
Trematoda
Subclass Digenea
GENERAL
The body covering of
digenea is a dynamic cellular structure called ____________________________.
What directions do the
muscles on digenea run? This allows
what types of movement in the worm?
Digeneans have what type of
nervous system?
In digeneans, what cells
perform osmoregulation and excretion?
Draw a digenetic trematode
and identify the intestinal cecae excretory bladder, testis, ovary, Melis'
gland, uterus, vitellaria, ventral sucker, and gonopore.
What are the elements of
the digestive system of digenea?
What tissues line the
digestive tract of digeneans?
How many testes do
digeneans have?
What are the elements of
the male reproductive system in digenea?
How many ovaries do
digeneans have?
In the female reproductive
system of Digenea, what is the special structure that consists of two groups of
unicellular glands that secrete material into the ootype and facilitates the
formation of shell and lubricates the passage of the egg?
In digenea, some eggs have
a lid-like structure called the ____________________.
What are all the possible
basic life cycle stages in digenetic trematodes?
In the digenetic life
cycle, the first free-swimming stage that appears is the _____________________.
In the digenetic life
cycle, the stage that appears in the second intermediate host is the
__________.
In the digenetic life
cycle, the sporocyst has an internal brood chamber that contains
____________________ that develop into secondary sporocysts or rediae.
In the digenetic life
cycle, the rediae are elongate and usually possess two to four
____________________ that aid in migration through the snail.
Chapter 16
Schistosoma
spp.
Schistosoma haematobium can be found in what
geographic locations?
Schistosoma mansoni can be found in what
geographic locations?
Schistosoma japonicum can be found in what geographic
locations?
The most distinctive
feature of Schistosoma spp. is ______________
The female of genus Schistosoma
is held in a special male structure called the __________________.
In Schistosoma
what life cycle stage infects man?
In Schistosoma,
cercariae have special structures with which they dissolve the tissue of the
host. What are these structures called?
Adult Schistosoma
mansoni are found where in the body of the host?
Adult Schistosoma
haematobium are found where in the body of the host?
Adult Schistosoma
japonicum are found where in the body of the host?
Humans infected by
schistosomes that are adults in birds or aquatic mammals may suffer what
disease?
What genus of snail is the
intermediate host for schistosomiasis in Puerto Rico?
How do humans become
infected with Schistosoma?
What is the common name
applied to schistosomiasis in Puerto Rico?
What species of Schistosoma
is found in the Americas (and the Caribbean)?
What species of Schistosoma
are found in the delta of the Nile River?
What species of Schistosoma
are found in equatorial Africa?
Draw the eggs of the three
species of human schistosomes and indicate the species of each.
What morphological features
distinguish the males of the three species of human schistosomes, the females?
What is unusual about the
life cycle of schistosomes compared o the rest of the digeneans?
About how long does it take
for a schistosome to infect a human and then mature to a reproducing
individual?
How long could a
schistosome adult live in a human?
What is the cause of most
of the pathological effect in schistosomes?
What are the three phases
of disease in schistosomiasis, and what are the symptoms in each.
Why do people get cirrhosis
of the liver when they have schistosomiasis?
How can you diagnose
schistosomiasis?
What is the treatment for
schistosomiasis?
How can schistosomiasis be
controlled? (What four steps can be
used?)
What
is schistosome cercarial dermatitis?
What is another name for this condition?
Chapter 17
Family Echinostomatidae
What is the most distinctive feature of the Family Echinostomatidae?
Where in the body of the host do adult Echinostomid
worms live?
How do
humans become infected with Echinostoma revolutum?
Approximately how many species of Echinostoma are described? Of these how
many infect humans?
Do these worms have low or high host specificity?
What are the intermediate hosts for Echinostoma revolutum?
What are the most common hosts for Fasciola
hepatica?
Where do Fasciola hepatica adults live in the
body of the host?
In Fasciola hepatica, the oral sucker
is located on an anterior prominence called ______________?
What organs are branched in Fasciola hepatica?
Cercariae of Fasciola hepatica escape
from the snail host and then encyst where?
How do cattle and sheep and humans become infected
with Fasciola hepatica?
What is a common water plant that may be contaminated
with Fasciola hepatica?
What is the site of infection of adults of Fasciola
hepatica?
How do the worms reach the final site of infection in
Fasciola hepatica?
What is the most pathologically damaging part of the Fasciola
hepatica life cycle?
What is the diagnosis for Fasciola hepatica?
How can human avoid infection by Fasciola
hepatica?
How can farmers control infection of cattle and sheep
by Fasciola hepatica?
What reservoir host makes control of Fasciola
hepatica in cattle and sheep difficult?
What is a fasciolid parasite of Asian elephants?
What other fasciolid worms did we mention? (There are 2 more)
Fasciolopsis buski is a common parasite of what two animals in the
orient?
What is peculiar about the habitat of Fasciolopsis
buski?
How do humans become infected with Fasciolopsis
buski?
How can humans avoid infections of Fasciolopsis
buski?