Study Guide Animal Parasitology, Biol 4426

 

General information:  All partial exams are 50 multiple choice questions with 4-5 possible answers.  There may be drawings to label. 

You will be given electronic answer sheets for your answers.  You will need a #2 pencil to mark this answer sheet.

I will try and post grades within 1-2 days after the exam.

 

WARNING:  THIS AND ALL STUDY GUIDES ARE NOT MEANT TO BE A SUBSTITUTE  FOR STUDYING YOUR NOTES AND READING YOUR BOOK.  THEY ARE ONLY MEANT TO PROVIDE EXAMPLES OF THE TYPES OF QUESTIONS I WILL ASK.  YOU ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR ALL THE MATERIAL COVERED IN CLASS, WHETHER OR NOT IT IS COVERED IN THE STUDY GUIDES.

 

General questions about each parasite:

 

         Know the definitions discussed in class.

Parasite X causes what disease (common and scientific names)?

         Disease X is caused by what parasite?

         What is the intermediate host for parasite X?

         What is the Vector of Parasite X?

         What is life cycle stage of Parasite X is infective to man?

         What is life cycle stage of Parasite X is infective to the vector?

         What stages of Parasite X are found in man?

         What stages of Parasite X are found in intermediate host(s)?

         Where in the world is Parasite X found? or What is the geographic distribution of Parasite X?

         What part of the body (organ, tissue, system) is affected by Parasite X?

         How does Parasite X damage the host?

         What is the major nutrient source for Parasite X?

         What group or kind of people are most affected by Parasite X?

         How is Parasite X diagnosed?

         What clinical signs are typical of the disease caused by Parasite X?

         How can Parasite X be controlled?

         What ecological factors affect infection of man by Parasite X?

         What simple measures can be taken to prevent infection by Parasite X?

         What is the treatment (chemotherapy) for Parasite X?

 

 


Study Guide by Chapter in Roberts and Janovy, Foundations of Parasitology

 

Chapter 1

 

         Define and give examples if possible

Symbiosis

Symbiont

Phoresis

Mutualism

Cleaning Symbiosis

Commensalisms

Parasitism

Endo-parasite

Ecto-parasite

Accidental (incidental) parasite

Facultative parasite

Obligate parasite

Definitive host

Intermediate host

Reservoir host

Hyperparasitism

Host specificity

 

Chapter 2

 

         Define Histozoic

                  Coelozoic

                  Prevalance

                  Incidence

                  Intensity

                  Mean intensity

                  Density

Chapter 4.

 

Kingdom Protoctista

         Subkingdom Protista

                  Phylum Sarcomastigophora flagellates and amoebas

 

The various groups in the protozoa are mostly distinguished by their methods of ___________________?

What are Flagella? Cilia? Pseudopodia? Name the types of pseudopodia.

What is an undulating membrane?

Protozoa reproduce by what means?

 

Define

Schizogony

Merogony

Gametogony

Sporogony

Syngamy

Conjugation

encystment

 

What are the purposes of encystment?

What are the characteristics of the flagellates?

 

Chapter 5

 

Draw pictures of the morphologic forms of the trypanosomes.  In what host and where is the body of that host is each form found?

 

AFRICAN  SLEEPING SICKNESS

 

African Sleeping Sickness is caused by what parasite?

What two forms of the disease are found and what are they called?

What is the intermediate host?

What is the life cycle of this parasite?

What are three forms of trypomastigotes are found in the blood of the definitive host?

What stage or form is infective to the insect vector?

What stages or forms of the trypanosome are found in the insect vector?

What stage or form is infective to the mammalian host?

What part of the body of the mammalian host is affected by this parasite?

Explain the differences in the epidemiology of the two forms of African Sleeping Sickness.

How is African Sleeping Sickness diagnosed?

What clinical sign is typical of African Sleeping Sickness?

What is the treatment for African Sleeping Sickness?

What is nagana?

What reservoir hosts are present for transmission of the disease?

What situations have to occur for the disease to pass to humans?

What is the geographic distribution of this disease?

 

AMERICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS

 

Chagas’ Disease is caused by what parasite?

What are the intermediate hosts?

What is the life cycle of this parasite?

What are the forms of trypomastigotes are found in the blood of the definitive host?

What stage or form is infective to the insect vector?

What stages or forms of the trypanosome are found in the insect vector?

What stage or form is infective to man?

What parts of the body of humans are affected by this parasite?

What clinical signs are typical of Chagas’ Disease?

Acute and chronic forms of this disease exist, explain the differences in the two forms and what groups of people are likely to have each form.

How is this disease diagnosed?

What is the treatment for this disease?

What is the geographic distribution of this disease?

What reservoir hosts are present for transmission of the disease?

 

Genus Leishmania

 

A general term for the diseases caused by Leishmania spp is what?

         What are the intermediate hosts or vectors for Leishmania spp?

         What is life cycle stage of Leishmania spp is infective to man?

         What is life cycle stage of Leishmania spp is infective to the vector?

         What stages of Leishmania spp are found in man?

         What stages of Leishmania spp are found in the insect host(s)?

         Where in the world is Leishmania spp found? or What is the geographic distribution of Leishmania spp?

         What distinct types of clinical manifestations of leishmaniasis are there (three)?

 

Leishmania tropica

 

         What are the common names for this disease?

         What is the intermediate host and vector of this disease?

What clinical signs are typical of the disease caused by Leishmania tropica?

         How is Leishmania tropica diagnosed?

         There are two forms of Leishmania tropica, explain their differences in clinical signs and where geographically they are found.

         What is the treatment (chemotherapy) for Leishmania tropica?

What part of the body (organ, tissue, system) is affected by Leishmania tropica?

 

Leishmania donovani

 

         What are the common names for this disease?

         What is the intermediate host and vector of this disease?

What clinical signs are typical of the disease caused by Leishmania donovani?

         How is Leishmania donovani diagnosed?

         What is the treatment (chemotherapy) for Leishmania donovani?

What part of the body (organ, tissue, system) is affected by Leishmania donovani?

What condition can occur after inadequate treatment of this disease?

What symptoms are seen in this disease?

What control measures can be used to limit this disease?

 

Leishmania braziliensis

 

         What are the common names for this disease?

         What is the intermediate host and vector of this disease?

What clinical signs are typical of the disease caused by Leishmania braziliensisi?

         How is Leishmania braziliensis diagnosed?

         What is the treatment (chemotherapy) for Leishmania braziliensis?

What part of the body (organ, tissue, system) is affected by Leishmania braziliensis?

What symptoms are seen in this disease?

What control measures can be used to limit this disease?

 

Leishmania mexicana

 

         What is the common name for this disease?

         What is the intermediate host and vector of this disease?

What clinical signs are typical of the disease caused by Leishmania mexicana.  What additional cinical signs may appear?

         How is Leishmania mexicana diagnosed?

         What is the treatment (chemotherapy) for Leishmania mexicana?

What part of the body (organ, tissue, system) is affected by Leishmania mexicana?

What symptoms are seen in this disease?

What control measures can be used to limit this disease?

 

 

Chapter 6

 

Order Retortamonadida

        Family Retortamonidae

 

Chilomstix mesnili

 

What is the size and shape of this flagellate?

How many flagella does it have?

How is this protozoan transmitted?

How many people are infected by this protozoan?

What other animals besides man can be infected with this protozoan?

 

 

Order Diplomonadida

        Family Hexamitidae.

 

Giardia lamblia

 

         What features (or lack of features) distinguishes this parasite?

         Draw a picture of this parasite and label the parts.  Be able to label the parts from memory.

         How many flagella, nuclei, and other organelles does it have?

         Giardia lamblia causes what disease (common name)?

What is the life cycle of  Giardia lamblia?

What is life cycle stage of Giardia lamblia is infective to man?

         What stages of Giardia lamblia are found in man?

         What is the geographic distribution of Giardia lamblia?

         What part of the body (organ, tissue, system) is affected by Giardia lamblia?

         How does Giardia lamblia damage the host?

         What is the major nutrient source for Giardia lamblia?

         What group or kind of people are most affected by Giardia lamblia?

         How is Giardia lamblia diagnosed?

         What clinical signs are typical of the disease caused by Giardia lamblia?

         How can Giardia lamblia be controlled?

         What ecological factors affect infection of man by Giardia lamblia?

         What simple measures can be taken to prevent infection by Giardia lamblia?

         What is the treatment (chemotherapy) for Giardia lamblia?

 

TRICHOMONADS

 

         What morphological features characterize the trichomonads?

         What life cycle stage does NOT occur in the life cycle of the trichomonads?

        

 

Trichomonas tenax

 

         Draw a picture of this parasite and label the parts.  Be able to label the parts from memory.

         Where in the body of the hoist can this parasite be found?

         What is its size and how many flagella does it possess?

         How is this parasite transmitted?

         Is it considered pathogenic or not?

 

Trichomonas vaginalis

 

         Draw a picture of this parasite and label the parts.  Be able to label the parts from memory.

         What are hydrogenosomes and where are they found in this parasite?

Where in the body of the host can this parasite be found?

         What is its size and how many flagella does it possess?

         How is this parasite transmitted?

         Is it considered pathogenic or not?

         How does this parasite harm the host?

         What are the clinical signs of this parasite?

         What is the treatment for this parasite?

 

Pentatrichomonas hominis

 

         Draw a picture of this parasite and label the parts.  Be able to label the parts from memory.

         Does this parasite have hydrogenosomes?

Where in the body of the host can this parasite be found?

What is its size and how many flagella does it possess?

Is it associated with pathological conditions?

         How is this parasite transmitted?

         Is it considered pathogenic or not?

        

 

Trichomonas foetus

 

         This is a parasite of what animal?

         How does this parasite affect the host?

         How is this parasite transmitted?

 

Dientamoeba fragilis

 

         Why is this protozoan that seems to be an amoeba, placed in the flagellates?

         Where in the host is it found?

How is it transmitted?

         What other parasite might be a vector of this protoaoan?